Heat 2 Tablespoons olive oil in a stock pot or Dutch oven over medium-high heat. Add prepared beets, chopped carrots, sliced celery, chopped red bell pepper, minced onion, and 1 teaspoon salt and cook, stirring often, until softened, about 6-8 minutes.
Stir in minced garlic and 1/4 cup ketchup and cook until ketchup begins to brown, about 1-2 minutes. Slowly stir in 6 cups chicken, beef, or vegetable broth, scraping up any browned bits from the bottom of the pot. Add the diced potatoes, 2 bay leaves, and 1/2 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper and bring to a boil. Reduce heat to medium-low and simmer until potatoes are soft, 15-20 minutes.
Remove from heat and remove bay leaves. Stir in 2 Tablespoons minced dill and 1 Tablespoon apple cider vinegar. Garnish with additional dill and sour cream if desired. Store leftovers in an airtight container in the fridge.