Toss the chicken, peanuts, ginger, garlic, salt, and pepper together in a medium bowl. Heat a 12-inch skillet over medium-high heat. Add the chicken, and cook until the chicken is opaque and browned, stirring only occasionally to allow the chicken to brown.
Remove the chicken from the heat, and stir in the brown sugar and lime juice. Serve with rice or other cooked grains, and cooked vegetables and salad to make a complete meal.